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    Module

    Interventional Radiology - The Stroke Patient

    The role of interventional radiologists in the management of stroke patients.

    Interventional Radiology - The Stroke Patient
    Radiology Expert
    Table of contents
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    General - Cerebrovascular Incident (CVA)

    In a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), there is an acute interruption of blood supply to the brain (due to occlusion or rupture). This is also known as a stroke. CVAs can be divided into two main groups:

    1. Ischemic CVA
      - Blood flow is blocked by a thrombus (clot formed within blood vessels) or an embolus (clot/air bubble/fat particle formed elsewhere, dislodged, and eventually reaching cerebral circulation).
      - Important causes: atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation.
      - Risk factors: hypertension, smoking, coagulation disorders, diabetes mellitus
       
    2. Hemorrhagic CVA
      - Bleeding in or around the brain parenchyma due to a ruptured blood vessel. Hemorrhagic CVA can be further subdivided into intracerebral hemorrhages and subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH)
      - Important causes/risks: hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, anticoagulants, blood vessel anomalies, venous sinus thrombosis, vasculitis

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    Literature: sources and author

    Text & Illustrations

    drs.A. van der Plas, MSK radiologist Maastricht UMC+

    For content review, special thanks to:

    Prof. dr. W.H. van Zwam, interventional radiologist Maastricht UMC+
    Dr. S.W. de Boer, interventional radiologist Maastricht UMC+

    Sources:

    • M. Abdalkadera, J. E. Sieglerb et al.;Neuroimaging of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Multimodal Imaging Approach for Acute Endovascular Therapy. J. Stroke 2023

    • Dr. J.B.M. Kuks, Dr. J. W. Snoek; Klinische Neurologie (2007)

    • B.K. Menon et al; Multiphase CT angiography: a new tool for the imaging triage of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Radiology 2015;275:510-520

    • C.A. Potter; CT for Treatment Selection in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Code Stroke Primer. Radiographics 2019

    • H.P. Adams Jr., P.H. Davis et al.;. Baseline NIH Stroke Scale score strongly predicts outcome after stroke: A report of the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). Neurology 1999

    • D. Runde; Calculated Decisions: NIH stroke scale/score (NIHSS). Emerg Med Pract. 2020

    • V. Puetz et al.; The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score in Clinical Practice: What have We Learned? Int J Stroke 2009

    • U.Jensen-Kondering, C. Riedel, O. Jansen; Hyperdense artery sign on computed tomography in acute ischemic stroke. World J Radiol. 2010

    • A.Y. Poppe et al.; Tandem Carotid Lesions in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Challenges, and Future Directions. American Journal of Neuroradiology (2020)

    • S.H. Baik; A Review of Endovascular Treatment for Posterior Circulation Strokes. Neurointervention (2023)

    • S.M Pilgram-Pastor et al.; Stroke thrombectomy complication management. J Neurointerv Surg. (2021)

    • M.U.Farooq; Pathophysiology and management of reperfusion injury and hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting. Experimental & Translational Stroke Medicine (2016)

    26/02/2024

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